During mating, male fireflies deliver a nuptial gift to the
female. This nuptial gift contains the sperm that will fertilize her
eggs and a protein mass that will nourish them. Since adult Photinus
fireflies do not feed in the wild, this nuptial gift may be the
female’s only source of nutrition. For this reason, females would be
expected to show preference for males with larger nuptial gifts. This
study will explore how the females choose their mates, what male traits
elicit greater female response, and if there is a correlation between
these traits and the size of the male nuptial gift.
Rabu, 27 Maret 2013
Thieves in the Night: Kleptoparasitism by Fireflies in the Genus Photuris
Kleptoparasitism: stealing resources, usually food, from another animal of the same or a different species.
Most fireflies do not feed as adults, but there are exceptions. Certain species of Photuris actively hunt and devour other species of fireflies to acquire defensive compounds that they cannot produce themselves. Researchers have already identified two methods of hunting exhibited by Photuris: mimicking the courtship signals of other fireflies to lure the males within reach, and aerial "hawking"---catching male Photinus fireflies in flight. This paper describes a third method of hunting: kleptoparasitism, or stealing trapped fireflies from the webs of orb web spiders.
Most fireflies do not feed as adults, but there are exceptions. Certain species of Photuris actively hunt and devour other species of fireflies to acquire defensive compounds that they cannot produce themselves. Researchers have already identified two methods of hunting exhibited by Photuris: mimicking the courtship signals of other fireflies to lure the males within reach, and aerial "hawking"---catching male Photinus fireflies in flight. This paper describes a third method of hunting: kleptoparasitism, or stealing trapped fireflies from the webs of orb web spiders.
Female Monogamy and Male Competition in Photinus collustrans
Female Photinus collustrans live in burrows and stay in
close proximity to them throughout their adult life. Females live
approximately 10 days and are sexually active for only about 18 minutes
each night starting around 20 minutes after sunset. A female's complete
mating history can easily be recorded because of the regularity of these
habits, the specificity of her location, and this short span of time in
which her matings occur.
This study indicates that most females mate only once in their life, which limits male prospects for mating. Competition among males for mating opportunities has led to the development of a series of male tactics to increase female susceptibility to mate more than once.
This study indicates that most females mate only once in their life, which limits male prospects for mating. Competition among males for mating opportunities has led to the development of a series of male tactics to increase female susceptibility to mate more than once.
Phausis reticulata
Phausis reticulata, the Blue Ghost, is a firefly mainly of
the southern Appalachian Mountains, but can be found as far west as
Texas and Oklahoma. It is one of several types of fireflies known as
“glowworm fireflies” because the flightless females resemble the larvae.
The females produce a constant glow to attract the male, and the males,
unlike most other glowworms, produce light as well.
Blue Ghosts are small fireflies - ranging from 0.2 inches to 0.35 inches in length. Females have a transparent exoskeleton and lack wings. They have two light organs on the underside of the abdomen - one near the thorax and the other at the posterior end, although some females have been observed with an extra pair of light organs at the posterior end. These light organs are only evident when lit. The eyes of the female are very small, while males have large eyes that occupy most of the head. The pronotum of the male covers the head and has two transparent areas located directly over the eyes. Males have two light organs at the posterior end of the abdomen.
Blue Ghosts are small fireflies - ranging from 0.2 inches to 0.35 inches in length. Females have a transparent exoskeleton and lack wings. They have two light organs on the underside of the abdomen - one near the thorax and the other at the posterior end, although some females have been observed with an extra pair of light organs at the posterior end. These light organs are only evident when lit. The eyes of the female are very small, while males have large eyes that occupy most of the head. The pronotum of the male covers the head and has two transparent areas located directly over the eyes. Males have two light organs at the posterior end of the abdomen.
Ellychnia corrusca
Ellychnia corrusca fireflies live in forested areas over
much of the eastern United States. Based on its physical structure and
certain DNA sequences, this firefly is thought to be closely related to Photinus fireflies, but exhibits some remarkable differences. E. corrusca is a daytime firefly and, unlike Photinus, the adults do not have light organs. Light organs are, however, present in the larvae.
This study was conducted to add to existing information on the life history and mating habits of E. corrusca.
This study was conducted to add to existing information on the life history and mating habits of E. corrusca.
About Firefly Research
Despite worldwide curiosity about fireflies, there is little in the
way of natural history books, field guides, or websites to teach us more
about them. What does exist can be decades old, underscoring how
important your work as a member of Firefly Watch is to updating our
knowledge base.Papers written by scientists are often the best source for learning about these fascinating insects. However, they are not always easy to find, and are often even harder to understand since they were written by and for scientists.
To help you learn more about fireflies and enjoy your Firefly Watch experience, we feature a different research paper every two months with a helpful summary and link to the full article.
Firefly or Fireflies
Fireflies
Visiting a firefly meadow on a summer evening is a memorable
experience, but what exactly do you see? How many different types of
fireflies are among the flashing lights? Can you tell if they are male
or female? Why are they flashing? What is a firefly, anyway?Selasa, 26 Maret 2013
Rumus Cinta Versi Matematika.
Bagaimanakah cara membuat rumus cinta ini? Sediakan selembar kertas dan alat tulis seadanya. Gunakan kertas berwarna merah muda untuk menambah kesan romantis pada rumus ini
Selasa, 05 Februari 2013
Mesin Tua Berusia 300 Juta Tahun Dari Peradaban Yang Hilang
Peralatan mesin tua berusia 300 juta tahun / Credit: KPRUMesin tua dan peralatan tua yang ditemukan berusia lebih dari 300 juta tahun, setidaknya mengungkapkan adanya teknologi modern peradaban yang hilang.
Sumber berita Rusia KPRU edisi 12 Januari 2013, pernah memberitakan, bahwa sebuah peralatan mesin alumunium
berusia 300 juta tahun telah ditemukan di wilayah Vladivostok. Beberapa
ahli mengatakan temuan itu adalah rel bergigi yang tampaknya memang
diproduksi dan bukan hasil proses alam. Tak hanya itu, beberapa temuan
serupa diyakini pernah ditemukan diwilayah berbeda dan menggambarkan
beberapa peralatan, mungkin pada waktu itu menjadi kebutuhan atau
mungkin semua itu terbawa meteorit jatuh ke Bumi. Sampai saat ini masih belum bisa dipastikan asal usul peralatan dan mesin tua itu, tapi semuanya ditemukan didalam sedimen batubara (yang pastinya terawetkan selama jutaan tahun).
Lubang Api Atau Pintu Neraka Di Uzbekistan
Lift Luar Angkasa, Rekayasa Teknologi Alien
Dalam perkembangan teknologi luar angkasa, proyek rahasia NASA bernilai empat juta dollar diperkirakan akan menyaingi proyek Lift luar angkasa dari negara-negara lain. Isu yang tersebar, NASA menggunakan rekayasa teknologi makhluk asing tanpa menggunakan ‘nanotube’ seperti proyek lift luar angkasa yang dibangun Jepang.
Pada tahun 1979, novel karya Arthur C. Clarke ‘The Fountains of Paradise’ pertama kali membawa ide sebuah Lift luar angkasa ke dunia buku fiksi. Charles Sheffield juga mengeluarkan karya dengan tema yang sama ‘The Web Between the Worlds‘ menghadirkan imajinasi pembangunan sebuah Lift luar angkasa. Kemudian, hampir tiga dekade berikutnya ilmuwan Jepang membuat proyek The Japan Space Elevator Association (JSEA) yang dirilis Mike Steere, “Space elevator would take humans into orbit” CNN, 3 Oktober 2008. Kali ini, Peter Fotis Kapnistos, seorang editor sekaligus jurnalis Amerika menjelaskan teknologi lift luar angkasa yang diduga mengusung teknologi Alien.
Space Elevator
Sawah Unik dengan Hiasan 20.000 Lampu LED
Perkembangan teknologi light-emitting diode (LED) ternyata tak hanya ada
dalam industri digital ataupun industri lainnya, namun juga sudah
merambah ke dunia seni. Contohnya ada pada area sawah di Jepang ini.Jika sawah identik dengan warna hijau dan kuning, tidak dengan sawah di Shiroyone Senmaida, Jepang ini. Area persawahan ini memiliki warna unik di malam hari karena diterangi oleh 20 ribu lampu LED yang ditenagai oleh energi matahari.
Pasta Gigi dari Cangkang Kerang
Cangkang kerang menjadi pasta gigi? Itulah adanya. Melalui pengolahan
sederhana dengan biaya yang sangat murah, Farah Adrienne (16) dan Amalia
Nur Alifah (17), ketika duduk di bangku kelas XII SMA Negeri 3
Semarang, menciptakannya.
Pasta gigi dari cangkang kerang itu meraih medali perunggu pada ajang International Environmental Project Olympiad 2012 di Istanbul, Turki, 19-22 Mei lalu. Karya berjudul Clamshell as Environment Friendly Toothpaste itu bersaing dengan 125 karya dari 55 negara.
Lubang Hitam Pada Al Qur'an
Abad ke-20
menyaksikan banyak sekali penemuan baru tentang peristiwa alam di ruang
angkasa. Salah satunya, yang belum lama ditemukan, adalah Black Hole
[Lubang Hitam]. Ini terbentuk ketika sebuah bintang yang telah
menghabiskan seluruh bahan bakarnya ambruk hancur ke dalam dirinya
sendiri, dan akhirnya berubah menjadi sebuah lubang hitam dengan
kerapatan tak hingga dan volume nol serta medan magnet yang amat kuat.
Kita tidak mampu melihat lubang hitam dengan teropong terkuat sekalipun,
sebab tarikan gravitasi lubang hitam tersebut sedemikian kuatnya
sehingga cahaya tidak mampu melepaskan diri darinya. Namun, bintang yang
runtuh seperti itu dapat diketahui dari dampak yang ditimbulkannya di
wilayah sekelilingnya.
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